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THC Digestion in the Human Body: From Edibles to Effects ​

Cannabis enthusiasts often talk about the differences between smoking and consuming edibles, but what actually happens inside your body when you ingest THC? The process of digestion and metabolism plays a huge role in determining the intensity and duration of THC’s effects.

Step 1: Consumption and Digestion ​

When you eat an edible, THC doesn’t immediately enter your bloodstream like it does when inhaled. Instead, it must first pass through your digestive system:

  1. The Stomach – Begins breaking down the edible, separating cannabinoids from fats and other ingredients. Minimal THC absorption occurs here.
  2. The Small Intestine – The majority of THC absorption happens in the small intestine, where it enters the bloodstream and travels to the liver for processing.

Step 2: Liver Metabolism and the Creation of 11-Hydroxy-THC ​

  • The liver metabolizes THC into 11-hydroxy-THC, a more potent compound than delta-9 THC.
  • 11-hydroxy-THC crosses the blood-brain barrier more efficiently, leading to stronger effects.
  • This explains why edibles take 30 minutes to 2 hours to kick in but produce longer-lasting and more intense effects than inhaled cannabis.

Step 3: Circulation and Effects on the Brain ​

Once in the bloodstream, THC interacts with the endocannabinoid system (ECS), influencing mood, memory, pain, and appetite.

  • THC binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, causing euphoria, relaxation, and altered time perception.
  • The digestion process means effects last 4 to 8 hours, depending on metabolism and dosage.

Step 4: Breakdown and Elimination ​

As THC is processed, it is broken down into metabolites and excreted via:

  • Urine and feces.
  • Fat cells, leading to THC lingering in the body for days or weeks.

Why Does THC Affect People Differently? ​

Several factors influence THC metabolism:

  • Metabolism – Faster metabolisms process THC more quickly.
  • Body Fat – THC is fat-soluble, so those with higher fat stores retain it longer.
  • Tolerance – Frequent users metabolize THC more efficiently.
  • Food Intake – Consuming edibles on an empty stomach leads to quicker absorption.

Key Takeaways ​

  • Edibles produce stronger, longer-lasting effects due to 11-hydroxy-THC.
  • The liver plays a key role in metabolizing THC, affecting intensity and duration.
  • Individual metabolism, body composition, and tolerance determine how THC is processed.
  • Always start low and go slow with edibles to avoid overwhelming effects.